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* }} | published = }} * }} | movements = 6 | text_poet = Salomon Franck | bible = | chorale = | vocal = choir and solo | instrumental = (Weimar) }} ''ドイツ語:Erschallet, ihr Lieder, erklinget, ihr Saiten!'', BWV 172, is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach, composed in Weimar in 1714 for Pentecost Sunday. Bach led the first performance on 20 May 1714 in the ''ドイツ語:Schlosskirche'', the court chapel in the ducal ''Schloss''. ''Erschallet, ihr Lieder'' is an early work in a genre to which he later contributed complete cantata cycles for all occasions of the liturgical year. The title, pronounced (:ˌɛɐ̯ˈʃalət iːɐ̯ ˈliːdɐ ɛɐ̯ˈklɪŋət iːɐ̯ ˈzaɪ̯tn̩), translates as "Ring out, you songs; sound, you strings!" Bach was appointed ''ドイツ語:Konzertmeister'' in Weimar in the spring of 1714, a position that called for the performance of a church cantata each month. He composed ''Erschallet, ihr Lieder'' as the third cantata in the series, to a text probably written by court poet Salomon Franck. The text reflects different aspects of the Holy Spirit. The librettist included a quotation from the day's prescribed Gospel reading in the only recitative, and for the closing chorale he used a stanza from Philipp Nicolai's hymn "ドイツ語:Wie schön leuchtet der Morgenstern" (1599). The work is in six movements, and scored for four vocal soloists, four-part choir, three trumpets, timpani, oboe, bassoon and a string orchestra of two violins, two violas, and basso continuo. The orchestra for the holiday occasion is festive compared to the two works previously composed in Weimar. The cantata opens with a chorus, followed by the recitative, in which words spoken by Jesus are sung by the bass as the ''ラテン語:vox Christi'' (voice of Christ). A bass aria with trumpets addresses the Trinity, and a tenor aria then describes the Spirit that was present at the Creation. This is followed by an intimate duet of the Soul (soprano) and the Spirit (alto), to which an oboe plays the ornamented melody of Martin Luther's hymn "ドイツ語:Komm, Heiliger Geist, Herre Gott" and a solo cello provides the bass line. The theme of intimacy between God and Man is developed further in the following chorale, after which Bach specified an unusual repeat of the opening chorus. While Bach served as ''Thomaskantor'' – director of church music – in Leipzig from 1723, he performed the cantata several times, sometimes in a different key and with changes in the scoring. Musicologists agree that he loved the cantata's Gospel text, "If ye love me ...", and the Pentecost hymn used in the duet, setting both the text and the hymn several times. John Eliot Gardiner writes that Bach "particularly valued" this cantata. It contains features that he used again in later compositions of cantatas, oratorios and his masses, for example movements with three trumpets and timpani in a triple meter for festive occasions, and duets as a symbol of God and man. == Background == Bach is known as a prolific composer of cantatas. When he assumed the position as ''Thomaskantor'' (director of church music) in Leipzig in 1723, he began the project to write church cantatas for the occasions of the liturgical year – Sundays and feast days – a project that he pursued for three years. Bach was appointed organist and chamber musician in Weimar at the court of the co-reigning dukes in Saxe-Weimar, Wilhelm Ernst and his nephew Ernst August on 25 June 1708. He had composed sacred cantatas before, some during his tenure in Mühlhausen from 1706 to 1708. Most were written for special occasions and were based mainly on biblical texts and hymns. Examples include: ''Aus der Tiefen rufe ich, Herr, zu dir'', BWV 131; the early chorale cantata ''Christ lag in Todes Banden'', BWV 4 for Easter; ''Gott ist mein König'', BWV 71, to celebrate the inauguration of the new city council on 4 February 1708; and the ''Actus Tragicus'' for a funeral. In Weimar, Bach first concentrated on the organ, composing major works for the instrument, including the ''ドイツ語:Orgelbüchlein'', the Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565, and the Prelude and Fugue in E major, BWV 566. Christoph Wolff suggests that Bach may have studied musical material belonging to the ''ドイツ語:Hofkapelle'', ("court capelle" or court orchestra), and that he copied and studied works by Johann Philipp Krieger, Christoph Graupner, Georg Philipp Telemann, Marco Giuseppe Peranda and Johann David Heinichen in the period from 1711 to 1713. In early 1713 Bach composed his first cantatas in the new style that included recitatives and arias: the so-called ''Hunting Cantata'', BWV 208, as a homage cantata for Christian, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels, celebrated on 23 February, and possibly the church cantata for Sexagesima (the second Sunday before Lent) ドイツ語:''Gleichwie der Regen und Schnee vom Himmel fällt'', BWV 18, on a text by Erdmann Neumeister. In 1713, he was asked to apply for the position of music director of the ドイツ語:Marktkirche in Halle, succeeding Friedrich Wilhelm Zachow. Zachow had taught the young George Frideric Handel, and composed many church cantatas in the new style, adopting recitatives and arias from the Italian opera. Bach was successful in his application for the position, but declined after Duke Wilhelm Ernst increased his salary and offered him a promotion. Bach was promoted to ''ドイツ語:Konzertmeister'' on 2 March 1714, an honour that entailed performing a church cantata monthly in the ''ドイツ語:Schlosskirche'': He was appointed Circumstances were favourable: Bach enjoyed a "congenial and intimate" space in the court chapel, called ''ドイツ語:Himmelsburg'' (Heaven's Castle), and a professional group of musicians in the court capelle. He was inspired by a collaboration with the court poet Salomon Franck, who provided the texts for most of his church cantatas, capturing a "pure, straightforward theological message" in "elegant poetic language". The first two cantatas Bach composed in Weimar based on Franck's texts were ドイツ語:''Himmelskönig, sei willkommen'', BWV 182, for Palm Sunday, which coincided with the Annunciation that year, and ドイツ語:''Weinen, Klagen, Sorgen, Zagen'', BWV 12 for Jubilate Sunday. One month after ''Erschallet, ihr Lieder'', Bach performed ''Ich hatte viel Bekümmernis'', BWV 21, on the third Sunday after Trinity, again on a text by Franck. ''Erschallet, ihr Lieder'', the third cantata in this series, is the first cantata for a feast day. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Erschallet, ihr Lieder, erklinget, ihr Saiten! BWV 172」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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